Геатэрмiчныя ўмовы і геахімія гарачых крынiц гары Сабалан (паўночна-заходнi Iран)

Мясцовасць гары Сабалан выбрана ў якасцi найлепшага аб’екту для вывучэння геатэрмальнай актыўнасцi ў паўночна-заходнiм Iране. Пачынаючы з апошняга эпiзоду вулканiчнай дзейнасцi ў плiа-чацвярцічны час, праявы гарачых крынiц вады i пару на зямной паверхнi сведчаць аб геатэрмальнай актыўнасцi ўздоўж схiлаў гары Сабалан. Гарачыя флюiды, якiя цыркулiруюць у гэтым геатэрмальным полi, утрымлiваюць галоўным чынам анiёны HCO₃^– i Cl^–; аднак ўтрыманне SO₄^2– у асобных пробах вады параўнальна высокае, што сведчыць аб сульфатных якасцях гэтых флюiдаў. Даследаваннi з выкарстаннем геатэрмометраў адзначаюць, што тэмпература ў калектары ацэньваецца прыкладна ў 150 °С на вывучаемай плошчы. Ў гэтай сувязi геатэрмальная сiстэма ўсходняй часткi гары была вызначана як высокатэрмальная. Гарачыя крынiцы на плошчы Сарэйн (Sarein) утрымлiваюць максiмальную колькасць Na⁺. Найвялiкшае ўтрыманне Ca²⁺ адзначана на плошчах Сардабех (Sardabeh) i Еддзiболуг (Yeddiboloug). Максимальнае ўтрыманне для K i Mg – 40 i 20 мг/дм³ адпаведна. Дадзеныя па канцэнтрацыi крэмнязёму ў водным растворы могуць быць выкарыстаны ў якасцi геатэрмометра. Трэшчынаватасць стварае другасную прапушчальнасць i садзейнiчае выхаду высокатэмпературных геатэрмальных флюiдаў.

1. Smith M., Bisiar T., Putra T., Blackwood V. Geochemistry of geothermal fluids Rico, Colorado. Final report, 2011, 22 p.

2. Arnorsson S., Stefansson A., Bjarnason J. Fluid-fluid interactions in geothermal systems. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland. Rev Mineral Geochem, 2007, vol. 65, pp. 259-312.

3. ENEL. Geothermal power development in Iran - General report on Sabalan zone. ENEL, internal report submitted to Ministry of Energy, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1983, 74 pp.

4. Mckenzie D. Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region. Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc., 1972, vol. 30, pp. 109-185.

5. Dewey J. F., Pitman W. C., Ryan W.B. F., Bonnin J. Plate tectonics and the evolution of the Alpine system. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1973, vol. 84, pp. 3137-3180.

6. Masomi R., et al. Evaluation of hydrogeochemical and isotopic properties of the geothermal waters in the east of Mount Sabalan, NW Iran. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, November 2017, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 441-453. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1705-11

7. Alberti A., Chiaramonti P., Batistini G., Nicoletti M., Petrucciani C., Sinigoi S. Geochronology of Eastern Azerbaijan volcanic plateau (North-West Iran). RENDICONTI Soc. Italiana di Mineraligia e Petrologia, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 579-589.

8. Yousefi H., Ehara S., Noorollahi Y. Geothermal Potential Site Selection Using GIS in Iran. Proceedings Thirty-Second Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 22-24, 2007, SGP-TR-183, 9 p.

9. Amidi M. 1:250,000 geological quadrangle map of Iran. Ahar. Ministry of Mines and Metals, Tehran: Geological Survey of Iran, 1978.

10. TBCE. Geothermal power development studies, Sabalan zone. Tehran Berkeley Consulting Engineers, Report to the Ministry of Energy, Islamic Republic of Iran., 1979, Tehran, 950 pp.

11. Manouchehri M. 1:250,000 Geological quadrangle map of Iran. No. B1 & B2, Tabriz-Poldasht, Ministry of Mines and Metals, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, 1989.

12. Nejad J. E. 1:250,000 scale geological quadrangle map of Iran. Nо. D2 Ardabil. Ministry of Mines and Metals, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, 1987.

13. Emami M. H. 1:100,000 geological map of Iran, Sheet 5566, Ministry of Mines and Metals, Tehran: Geological Survey of Iran, 1994.

14. KML. Sabalan geothermal project, Stage 1-Surface exploration, final exploration report. Kingston Morrison Limited Co, Report 2505-RPT-GE-003 for the Renewable Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, 1998, 83 pp.

15. Haddadan M., Abbasi Damani A. 1:100000 geologic map of Ardabil. Geological survey of Iran, 1997.

16. Masoumi R., Calagari A. A., Siahcheshm K., Porkhial S. Hydrogeochemistry and origin of hydrothermal fluids on the basis of isotopic data in Sabalan geothermal system. Quaternary Journal of Iran, 2016, no. 2, pp. 183-195.

17. Masoumi R., Calagari A. A., Siahcheshm K., Porkhial S., Pichler T. Consideration of geological aspects and geochemical parameters of fluids in Bushdi geothermal field, south of mount Sabalan, NW Iran. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 2017, vol. 129, May, pp. 692-700.

18. Masoumi R., Calagari A. A., Siahcheshm K., Porkhial S. Investigation of concentration values of heavy and rare elements in active hydrothermal fluids in geothermal field, south of Mount Sabalan, Ardebil Province, NW Iran. Scientific Quarterly J . Geosciences., Summer 2018, vol. 27, no. 108, pp. 293-302 (in Persian)

19. Masoumi R., Calagari A. A., Siahcheshm K. Using geochemical and isotopic techniques for exploration of geothermal energy in Southern Sabalan geothermal field, NW Iran. EGU General Assembly, EGU2017, proceedings from the conference held 23-28 April, 2017 in Vienna, Austria, p.761.

20. Schoeller H. Les eaussouterrians Masson et. Cie, Paris, France,1962.

21. Khosrow Khosrawi. Geochemistry of geothermal springs in the Sabalan area, Azarbydjan-Iran. Geothermal training programme. Orkustofnun, Grensasvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Reports, 1996, no. 7, pp. 1-25.

22. Yock A. Geotermometry / United Nations University. Geothermal training programme. Presented at “Short Course on Surface Exploration for Geothermal Resources”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Ahuachapan and Santa Tecla, El Salvador, 17-30 October, 2009, 8 p. https://orkustofnun.is/gogn/unu-gtp-sc/UNU-GTP-SC-09-18a.pdf. Access on 21st Nov., 2019.

23. Truesdell A.H. Summary of section III - Geochemical techniques in exploration. Proceedings of the 2nd UN Symposium on the Development and Use of Geothermal Resources, San Francisco, 1976, vol. 1, 28 p.

24. Tonani F. Some remarks on application of geochemical techniques in geothermal exploration / Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research, 4-6 March 1980, pp. 428-443.

25. Arnórsson S., Gunnlaugsson E., Svavarsson H. The chemistry of geathermal waters in Iceland. III. Chemical geothermometry in geothermal investigations. Geochim., Cosmochim. Acta, 1983, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 567-577.

26. Fournier R.O. A revised equation far Na-K geothermometer. Geoth. Res. Council, Transactions, 1979, vol. 3, pp. 221-224.

27. Nieva D., Nieva R. Developments in geothermal energy in Mexico part twelve. A cationic geothermometer for prospecting of geothermal resources. Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, 1987, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 243-258.

28. Giggenbach W.F. Geothermal solute equilibria. Derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca geoindicators. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1988, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2749-2765.

29. Fournier R.O. Silica in thermal waters. Laboratory and field investigations. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydrogeochemistry and Biochemistry, 1973, Tokyo, Clark Company., Washington D. C., pp. 122-139.

30. Rimstidt l. D., Bames H.L. The kinetics of silica-water reaction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1980, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 1683-1699.

31. Seyedrahimi Niaraq M., Doulati Ardejani F., Noorollahi Y., Porkhial S. Development of an updated geothermal reservoir conceptual model for NW Sabalan geothermal field, Iran. Geotherm. Energy, 2017, vol. 5, no. 14, 22 p. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40517-017-0073-0

32. Abdollahzadeh Bina F. Geothermal resource assessment of the NW-Sabalan field, Iran, through well testing / United Nations University. Geothermal training programme. Orkustofnun, Grensásvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavík, Iceland, Number 6, Presented at “Short Course on Surface Exploration for Geothermal Resources”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Ahuachapan and Santa Tecla, El Salvador, 17-30 October, 2009, pp. 15-44 , Access on 21st Oct. 2019. https://orkustofnun.is/gogn/unu-gtp-sc/UNU-GTP-SC-09-06.pdf