Ecological and geochemical assessment of the development conditions and adaptation of wood plants to technogenic effects (on example of the city of Gomel)
Abstract
One of the most vulnerable plant cell systems under various stress factors is the photosynthetic apparatus. Plants perform a number of important functions, such as recreational, sanitary and hygienic, so monitoring the state of their development conditions provides a basis for predicting the consequences of technogenic effects on changes in their vital parameters. In addition, the study of plant adaptation reactions to technogenic conditions is one of the key problems of landscape geochemistry. In this regard, the aim of the work was to study the ecological-geochemical situation in the city (on the example of Gomel) and to compare the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of wood plants of different age groups growing at its individual sites. According to the results of ecological-geochemical assessment of vegetation growing conditions in the territory of Gomel, it is possible to note technogenic contamination by heavy metals of soils of industrial zones in the west and north of Gomel city, which has a point character with isolated cases of excess of MPC/ODC, which can lead to negative impact on wood vegetation. In the eastern and southern parts of the city, the content of the studied elements is reduced, and in some places the plants may lack trace elements (Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr). In the study of photosynthetic pigment content in birch Betula pendula Roth. leaves, growing near plant produce agricultural machines and thermal power plant, it was found that members of the age category under 20 years of age showed a tendency of increased amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids compared to the group after 30 years in May and September, while in July their amount decreased. In addition, members of the group under 20 were characterized by an increased amount of pigments in May compared to September, and groups after 30 years, on the contrary, in September compared to May. In general, in most variants there was a lower content of photosynthesis pigments compared to the control area in samples taken near plant produce agricultural machines. Given the absence of excess heavy metals of MPC/ODC in the area, emissions to atmospheric air containing volatile organic compounds such as xylols and butylacetate had a negative effect on vegetation.
For citations:
Tyulkova E.G., Karpichenko A.A. Ecological and geochemical assessment of the development conditions and adaptation of wood plants to technogenic effects (on example of the city of Gomel). Natural resources. 2020;(2):70-77. (In Russ.)
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