prirodaПриродные ресурсыNatural resources1810-9810Беларуская навукаpriroda-230Research ArticleПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ, ЭКОЛОГОБЕЗОПАСНЫЕ  И РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИNATUREMANAGEMENT, ECOLOGICALLY SAFE AND RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIESВлияние состава субстрата и временного режима на эффективность вермикомпостирования птичьего пометаInfluence of substrate composition and pre-composting duration on the efficiency of poultry manure vermicompostingЯньЛиYanLi

Минск

Minsk 

ly15993087502@163.comЛемешевскийВ. О.LemiasheuskiV. О.

Минск; Боровск 

Minsk; Borovsk 

МаксимоваС. Л.MaksimovaS. L.

Минск

Minsk 

Международный государственный экологический институт им. А. Д. Сахарова Белорусского государственного университетаInternational Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State UniversityБелорусский государственный экономический университет ; Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал ФИЦ животноводства – ВИЖ им. акад. Л. К. ЭрнстаBelarusian State Economic University ; All-Russian research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Nutrition of animals – branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. ErnstФилиал «Ресурсный центр ЭкоТехноПарк – Волма» Республиканского института профессионального образованияRepublican Institute for Vocational Education Resource Center «EcoTechnoPark – Volma» Republican Institute of Professional Education202506012026026167Copyright © Янь Л., Лемешевский В.О., Максимова С.Л., 20262026Янь Л., Лемешевский В.О., Максимова С.Л.Yan L., Lemiasheuski V.О., Maksimova S.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://priroda.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/230

В процессе экологически безопасной утилизации птичьего помета до настоящего времени недостаточно изучено, как продолжительность предварительного компостирования и состав субстрата влияют на эффективность процесса вермикомпостирования куриного помета. Целью работы была комплексная оценка этих факторов по биоэкологическим показателям популяции дождевых червей Eisenia foetida (выживаемость и репродуктивная активность) и изменениям физико-химических свойств субстрата. Были заложены пять вариантов субстрата (T1–T5) с различным содержанием куриного помета (50–100 % массы смеси) и структурных добавок (солома и торф), которые совместно подвергали аэробной ферментации в течение 3, 6, 9 и 12 месяцев. С помощью однофакторного дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA) оценивали выживаемость взрослых особей, число коконов и молодых червей, а также динамику pH, влажности, содержания органического вещества, общего фосфора и калия. Показано, что по мере увеличения продолжительности предварительного компостирования и стабилизации физико-химических свойств субстрата снижается его ингибирующее действие на дождевых червей: уменьшается смертность и восстанавливаются процессы коконообразования и выхода молоди. Наилучшие показатели биологической активности зарегистрированы при 12-месячной ферментации в варианте T2 (60 % помета, 20 % соломы, 20 % торфа), где численность выживших червей, а также количество коконов и молоди статистически значимо (p < 0,05) превышали другие варианты. Полученные результаты подтверждают экологическую целесообразность совместной ферментации куриного помета с соломой и торфом и позволяют уточнить оптимальные сроки предварительного компостирования и соотношения компонентов субстрата, обеспечивающих устойчивое протекание процесса вермикомпостирования.

Environmentally safe utilization of poultry manure requires a better understanding of how pre-composting duration and substrate composition affect the efficiency of the vermicomposting process. This study aimed to evaluate these factors based on the bio-ecological responses of the earthworm Eisenia foetida (survival and reproductive activity) and changes in substrate physicochemical properties. Five substrate treatments (T1–T5) with different proportions of chicken manure (50–100 % of the mixture) and structural additives (straw + peat) were co-composted aerobically for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the survival of adult worms, numbers of cocoons and juveniles, as well as pH, moisture content, organic matter, total phosphorus and potassium in the substrate. As pre-composting time increased and the physicochemical properties of the substrate stabilized, the inhibitory effect of manure on earthworms decreased: mortality dropped, while cocoon production and juvenile output recovered. The best biological performance was obtained after 12 months and of pre-composting in treatment T2 (60 % manure, 20 % straw, 20 % peat), where the numbers of surviving worms, cocoons and juveniles were significantly higher than (p < 0.05) in the other treatments. These results confirm the ecological relevance of co-composting poultry manure with straw and peat and identify optimal pre-composting duration and substrate composition to ensure a stable vermicomposting process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.