On the basis of the developed scientific substantiation of the ecological rehabilitation of disturbed peatlands in the “Pogonyanskoye-2” project area located in the Khoyniki and Bragin districts of the Gomel region, according to the construction project, a cascade of 20 blind earthen cofferdams and 2 overflow rock-fill cofferdams was constructed on the drainage network channels on the Nesvich River with the water level difference between them of about 0.3 m. In order to prevent radionuclides from leaving the contaminated area, and their accumulation and retention in the bottom sediments in the section of the river bed, a sludge pond with the length of about 700 m was constructed in Nesvich. The completed measures for the environmental rehabilitation of disturbed peatlands in the “Pogonyanskoye-2” project area not only create conditions for restoring the biosphere functions of the peatlands, but also reduce the likelihood of peat and forest fires, the death of forest and peatland vegetation, prevent the salvo emission of carbon dioxide, and minimize the transfer of radionuclides to adjacent territories. The work was carried out as part of the implementation of the R&D project “Rewetting of drained and withdrawn from use peatlands contaminated with radionuclides for prevention of peat fires and preservation of biodiversity” of the State Program for Overcoming the Consequences of the Chernobyl Disaster for 2021–2025.